Evaluación por gastroscopia simple y cromoendoscopia convencional de la superficie gastroesofágica y duodenal proximal del equino. Estudio piloto / Evaluation by simple gastroscopy and conventional chromoendoscopy of the gastro-esophageal and proximal duodenal surface of equine. Preliminary study

RESUMEN Las enfermedades gastrointestinales equinas tienen una alta incidencia con un pronóstico variable en la práctica clínica. La mayoría de los estudios se limitan a describir lesiones ulcerativas y lesiones inflamatorias. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el potencial diagnóstico complementario de la cromoendoscopia convencional en la mucosa gas-troesofágica y duodenal proximal del equino. El estudio incluyó 20 caballos criollos colombianos de ambos sexos (12 hembras y 8 machos), con edades entre 5 y 20 años, peso entre 250 y 350 kilogramos, condición corporal 4-5/9 y con historial de alteraciones digestivas en los últimos 3 meses; quienes previo a la evaluación por gastroscopia y cromoendoscopia se sometieron a ayuno (sólidos 12h y líquidos 4h) y sedación (xilacina 0,5 mg/kg/iv). Se utilizaron tinciones como rojo fenol, lugol, índigo carmín, azul de metileno y ácido acético y se tomaron biopsias de los segmentos que mostraron reacción. El azul de metileno reveló 52% de las lesiones, el lugol 19%; por su parte, el rojo fenol, el índigo carmín y el ácido acético revelaron el 9,5% restante. El epitelio escamoso fue el más afectado (66,6%), el glandular (19%), antro pilórico (9,5%) y duodeno proximal (4,7%). Los hallazgos histopatológicos fueron hiperplasia, hipertrofia, hiperqueratosis, congestión, degeneración vacuolar, infiltrados celulares, fibrosis, necrosis y atrofia en diferentes grados de severidad. La cromoendoscopia reveló lesiones prematuras, que pasaron desapercibidas con las técnicas convencionales de endoscopia del tracto digestivo. Este es el primer estudio que emplea la cromoendoscopia en equinos; a pesar de que la técnica mejoró la visualización y facilitó la ubicación y descripción de lesiones ulcerativas prematuras a través de la histopatología, se recomiendan mayores estudios controlados y con un número más amplio de muestras.

ABSTRACT Equine gastrointestinal diseases have a high occurrence with a variable prognostic in clinic practice. Most of the studies limits to describe ulcerative and inflammatory lesions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential complementary diagnostic of conventional chromoendoscopy on the gastroesophageal and proximal duodenal mucosa of the equine. 20 Colombian creole horses, of both sexes (12 females and 8 males), with ages between 5 and 20 years old, weight between 250 and 350 kilograms, body condition 4-5/9, that had presented digestive alterations in the last 3 months, were subjected to fasting (solids 12h and liquids 4h) and sedated (xylazine 0,5 mg/kg/iv) to be evaluated by gastroscopy and chromoendoscopy, using for stains phenol red, lugol, indigo carmine, methylene blue and acetic acid, taking biopsy samples of the segments that showed reaction. The methylene blue revealed 52%, lugol 19%, and phenol red, indigo carmine and acetic acid revealed only 9,5% of the lesions, being the squamous epithelium the most affected (66,6%), glandular epithelium (19%), pyloric antrum (9,5%) and proximal duodenum (4,7%), where histopathological findings were hyperplasia, hypertrophy, hyperkeratosis, congestion, vacuolar degeneration, cellular infiltrates, fibrosis, necrosis and atrophy in different degrees of severity. Chromoendoscopy revealed lesions premature, which go unnoticed with conventional light endoscopy techniques. This is the first study using chromoscopy in horses to show that the reagents used allow a better visualization of injuries than the conventional technique, helping histopathological studies and molecular biology to understand ulcerative premature injuries and possible pathophysiological pathways. However, larger controlled studies and a larger number of samples are needed.

A cochonilha no mundo luso-brasileiro: o manuscrito setecentista editado por Manuel Joaquim Henriques de Paiva / Cochineals in the Portuguese-Brazilian world: the eighteenth-century manuscript edited by Manuel Joaquim Henriques de Paiva

Resumo O documento que o leitor encontrará a seguir é a transcrição inédita e modernizada do manuscrito História do descobrimento da cochonilha no Brasil, editado pelo médico e químico Manuel Joaquim Henriques de Paiva entre os anos de 1774 e 1801. O propósito de Paiva, com essa versão revista e anotada do estudo pioneiro de seu irmão, o médico José Henriques Ferreira, era estimular a cultura e o comércio da cochonilha, um inseto produtor de corante avermelhado muito requisitado na Europa. A História..., portanto, fornece indícios do papel capital dos saberes ditos científicos para o fomento e engrandecimento do Reino português e de sua principal colônia.

Abstract A previously unpublished, modernized transcript of the manuscript História do descobrimento da cochonilha no Brasil (History of the discovery of the cochineal in Brazil), edited by the physician and chemist Manuel Joaquim Henriques de Paiva between 1774 and 1801, is presented. By bringing out this reviewed, annotated version of the pioneering study by his brother, the physician José Henriques Ferreira, Paiva wanted to encourage the culture and trade of the cochineal, an insect that produced a red dye that was in great demand in Europe. História... thus provides indications of the key role of so-called scientific knowledge in the development and growth of the Portuguese kingdom and their primary colony.

Determination of common dyes in dyed safflower by near infrared spectroscopy / 中国中药杂志

Because the red and bright color of corolla is the main indicator for the quality assessment of good safflower,the dyed safflower is sometimes found at the herbal market,what is influence on this herb quality and efficacy. A total of 127 safflower samples was therefore collected from different cultivating areas and herbal markets in China to develop a rapid method to identify the dyed safflower. Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) combined with characteristic identification,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),principal component analysis(PCA) and partial least squares regression analysis(PLS) were employed to differentiate safflower from dyed safflower samples,and further quantify the levels of the 6 dyes,i.e. tartrazine,carmine,sunset yellow,azorubine,acid red 73 and orange Ⅱ in the dyed safflower. The results indicated that the 50 safflower samples and 77 dyed safflower samples were located at different regions in PCA cluster diagram by NIR spectra. Tartrazine,carmineand and sunset yellow were found in the 77 dyed safflower samples with the amounts of 0. 60-3. 66,0. 11-1. 37,0. 10-0. 71 mg·g-1,respectively. It indicated that the three dyes were the common and main dyes in the dyed safflower. However,azorubine,acid red 73 and orange Ⅱ were not detected in all herb samples. A total of 62 dyed safflower samples were chosen as calibration samples to develop the model for estimating the amount of dyes in dyed safflower. The estimating accuracy was verified by another 15 dyed safflower samples. The values of tartrazine,carmine and sunset yellow in dyed safflower samples were compared between the NIRS and HPLC methods. Each value of mean absolute difference(MAD) was less than 5%. The correlation coefficients of tartrazine,carmineand and sunset yellow were 0. 970,0. 975,0. 971,respectively. It indicated the data quantified by NIRS and HPLC were consistence. It is concluded that NIRS can not only differentiate safflower from dyed safflower,but also quantify the amount of the dyes. NIRS is suitable for rapidly identify the quality of safflower.

Allergy to carminic acid: in vitro evidence of involvement of protein-binding hapten

We previously described a rare case of anaphylaxis presumably induced by carminic acid in cochineal dye used as a food additive. In this study, highly pure carminic acid was added to an albumin-containing buffer at various concentrations, followed by serial dilution. Varying the mixing ratio of carminic acid and albumin affected the extent of histamine release from passively sensitized basophils. Similar basophil histamine release occurred with carminic acid-globulin solutions. These results provide experimental evidence indicating that basophil activation is dependent on hapten (carminic acid) and carrier (protein) interaction.

Sclerosing Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma in the Parotid Gland: Literature Review / 대한이비인후과학회지

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm. Its sclerosing morphologic variant, however, is an extremely rare entity. Only 15 cases have been reported in the English literature. We report a case of a sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the left parotid gland with a review of literature. A fifty seven-year-old female patient presented with left parotid mass. Fine needle aspiration biopsy reported a parotid gland tumor, predominantly benign cystic condition, and the differential diagnosis included benign lymphoepithelial cyst and Warthin' tumor. Left superficial parotidectomy was performed. Histologically, a well demarcated mass (2.2x1.5x1.0 cm) was composed of a central sclerosis with a few tumor nests and a peripheral lymphoid hyperplasia. The lumen of the tumor glands is filled with mucin stained with mucicarmine. Finally, it was diagnosed as sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

A Case of Acantholytic Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma is a well-defined variant of squamous cell cancer in which significant portions of the neoplastic proliferation show a pseudoglandular or tubular microscopic pattern. It usually presents as a nodule with various colors, and it is accompanied by scaling, crusting, and ulceration on the sun-exposed areas of older aged individuals. Histologically, the tumor consists of a nodular, epidermal-derived proliferation that forms island-like structures. At least focally or sometimes extensively, the tumor cells shows a loss of cohesion within the central gland-like or tubular spaces. This tumor resembles the structure of eccrine neoplasms, but it is negative for dPAS, CEA and mucicarmine and it is only positive for EMA and cytokeratins. Herein we report a case of acantholytic squamous cell carcinoma that occurred on the face of an 82-year-old woman.

A case of Mullerian cyst of the uterine cervix / 대한산부인과학회지

Uterine Mullerian cyst is extremely rare and the diagnosis is made by histological analysis. We report a case of a huge cyst which was initially regarded as ovary cyst or cystic degeneration of uterine myoma in 46-year-old woman. She was admitted due to tender palpable lower abdominal mass and total abdominal hysterectomy was performed. Histologically, the cyst was lined by unilayer (unilocular) ciliated columnar epithelial cells. Immunostains for PAS and mucicarmine showed negative results.

Influence of some neonicotinoid insecticides on the predator [Coccinellidae: Coleoptera] Stethorus gilvifron

Laboratory and field studies were undertaken to investigate the influence of three insecticides belong to Neonicotinoids group [Actara 25WG [Thiamethoxam],Conquest 20SP [Acetamprid],Confidor20 SC, 5G [Imidacloprid]] and one organophosphorus insecticide Hostathion 40EC on the predator S. gilvifron. Results have indicated that the Neonicotinoids insecticide were less harmful against all stages of the predator compared with hostathion which gave high percent of mortality on all stages following direct foliar application. Actara was the most promising insecticide material particulary when applied to the soil, indicating the feasibility of integrating with the coccinellid predator in the control program

Efeito regulatório de flavonóides e de carmim nos níveis de lipídeos em ratos Wistar / Regulatory effect of flavonoids and carmim colorant dye on the lipid levels in Wistar rats

Estudou-se a açäo de biochanina A isolada e em associaçäo com os corantes naturais antocianina e carmin sobre o metabolismo lipídico de ratos. Foram dosados colesterol, colesterol-HDL e triacilgliceróis após administraçäo de duas doses dos compostos isoladamente e em misturas, sendo a primeira imediatamente após a administraçäo do triton e a segunda 20 horas depois. O sangue foi analisado 43 horas após a administraçäo do triton. Os resultados mostraram que a associaçäo biochanina A + antocianina e biochanina A + carmin apresentaram os melhores resultados para colesterol total e triacilglicerol

Efeitos de corantes naturais nos níveis séricos de colesterol - HDL em ratos hiperlipidêmicos / Effects of natural dyes on seric levels of cholesterol and HDL - cholesterol in hyperlipidemic rats

Distúrbios no metabolismo lipídico tem levado a uma série de desordens do organismo, dentre elas as hiperlipidemias primárias, defeitos na via exógena, alteraçöes no metabolismo de LDL etc. O presente trabalho avaliou a açäo de cúrcuma, antocianina, carmin e monascus nas doses de quarenta e oitenta miligramas misturados à raçäo Nuvilab e fornecidos a ratos Wistar hiperlipidêmicos induzidos por Triton. Os resultados indicaram uma percentagem de reduçäo nos níveis de colesterol total de 22,1, 31,6, 32,1 e 22,7 por cento respectivamente para os corantes cúrcuma, antocianina, carmin e monascus e de 20,1, 17,9, 12,6 e 18,1 por cento para a mesma seqüencia de corantes em relaçäo ao colesterol - HDL.

Hematoxylin-lac-curcuma polychrome stain for mucin.

A polychrome method for detection of mucin substance in paraffin section is produced by sequential stepwise staining of hematoxylin, crude lac extract (Laccifer lacca), and crude curcuma extract (khamin shan-Curcuma longa). The name LacCur stain is proposed. After a tissue section is deparaffinized and rehydrated, it is stained with Weigert's hematoxylin for 7 minutes. After a quick wash, it is stained for at least 3 hours with lac dye mordanted with aluminum chloride. Washed again and premordanted with ferric chloride for 1 minute, in the last step, it is counterstained with curcuma dye for 5 minutes. With this staining method, the nuclei are stained black, mucin deep red, and organelles and ground substances brownish yellow. The method and outcome colors are comparable to the widely used Mayer's mucicarmine staining method. It costs less than the Mayer's mucicarmine staining method and the procedure is not complicated.

Effect of the phototherapy on intestinal transit time in jaundiced newborns

It is well-known that the course of phototherapy, stool colour changes from yellow to green. The occurrence of frequent loose green stools, commencing a few hours after the beginning of treatment, has been observed in several different centers. In order to elucidate the machanism by which phototherapy induces loose stools in newborns, studies were perforned on the speed of intestinal transit by performing the carmine red ftest on 15fullterm newborns, 15jaundiced newborns before and after phototherapy and 15 healthy newborns exposed to phototherapy. The following results were obtained. 1) Intestinal transit time in 15 full term newborns was 12.75+_3.54 hours.(Fig. 1). 2) Intestinal transit time before phototherapy was 13.63+_3.21 hours in 15 jaundiced newborns and it was 7.32+_2.76 hours after phototherapy (Fig. 1). 3) Intestinal transit time in 15 healthy newborns was 13.74+_5.14 hours(Fig. 1). A statistically accelerated intestinal transit was observed in jaundiced newborns treated with phototherapy. The increased rate of intestinal transit produced by phototherapy is probably due to the action of the phototherapy.